How the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation Works
If you bank in the United States, you've probably seen the sticker posted on the door of your bank: FDIC. Maybe you've taken the time to expand the acronym:
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation. Maybe you've read the sticker's little assurance: "Each depositor insured to at least $100,000."
But what is the Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation? Where did it come from? How does it work? What does its insurance cover? To understand why the
FDIC was created and how it works, it helps to understand the basic premises of insurance.
------------------------------------------
Insurance is like gambling. When you buy an insurance policy, whether it's auto, life or medical insurance, the insurance company assesses the risk of
insuring you by asking questions like, what's the likelihood that a driver of a certain age and driving history is going to get into a fender bender? What's the
likelihood that a woman of a certain age and medical history is going to accrue serious medical costs? What's the likelihood that employees working in a
warehouse filled with dangerous machinery are going to get hurt?

If you're considered a low risk, the company will charge you a relatively low premium, a fee you pay for the insurance coverage. If you're considered a high risk,
the company will charge you a high premium, or -- if you are a truly bad gamble -- choose not to cover you at all.
The premiums you pay go to the insurance company's insurance fund, which the company uses to pay an insured member when his car gets sideswiped or he
hits his head on a forklift.
The FDIC's depositor insurance is, in principle, no different from any other insurance. Instead of insuring cars and workers, however, the FDIC insures people
who hold deposit accounts with U.S. banking institutions.
For how long has the FDIC been around? How did it come to exist in the first place? Take a look at the
-------------------------------------
Your Tax Dollars at Work? Nope.
The FDIC, a corporation set up by the United States government to help regulate the U.S. banking system, is not funded by federal income tax dollars. The FDIC
is funded by insurance premiums of member banks and by its own investments.
Introduction To Money Market Mutual Funds
Investors interested in the money market can access it most easily through money
market mutual funds, but these vehicles do not let smaller investors off the hook when it
comes to having a rudimentary understanding of the Treasury bills, commercial paper,
bankers acceptances, repurchase agreements and certificates of deposit that make up
the bulk of money market mutual fund portfolios. In this article, we'll show you how
money market funds work and how they can benefit you.
---------------------------------
Purpose of Money Market Mutual Funds for Investors
There are three instances when money market mutual funds, because of their liquidity,
are particularly suitable investments.
Money market mutual funds offer a convenient parking place for cash reserves when an
investor is not quite ready to make an investment or is anticipating a near-term cash
outlay for a non-investment purpose. Money market mutual funds offer ultimate safety
and liquidity. This means that investors will have an expected sum of cash at the very
moment that they need it.
-----------------
An investor holding a basket of mutual funds from a single fund company may
occasionally want to transfer assets from one fund to another. If, however, the investor
wants to sell a fund before deciding on another fund to purchase, a money market
mutual fund offered by the same fund company may be a good place to park the
proceeds of sale. Then, at the appropriate time, the investor may exchange his or her
money market mutual fund holdings for shares of the other funds in the fund family.

To benefit their clients, brokerage firms regularly use money market mutual funds to
provide cash management services. Putting a client's dormant cash into money market
mutual funds will earn the client an extra percentage point (or two) in annual returns
above those earned by other possible investments
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Operational Details of Money Market Mutual Funds
Money market mutual funds are designed to offer features that are particularly suited to
the needs of small investors. Minimum initial investments generally range from $500 to
$5,000.

You can purchase money market mutual funds directly from brokerage companies or
mutual fund firms, just as you would purchase a stock or equity mutual. As investment
advisors, some banks also sell money market funds and some even have their own
proprietary funds that offer money market investment opportunities. These should not
be confused with money market accounts, which are interest-earnings savings
accounts.

Money market mutual funds also offer some simplified withdrawal features that are
more typically associated with bank or trust accounts. For example, money market
funds allow investors to withdraw assets by writing checks, usually of a minimum
amount, say, $500 per check. If the investor does not want to write a check as a means
of withdrawing funds, he or she can easily redeem shares by requesting payment by
mail or by remittance through a wire transfer to his or her bank account.
Money Market Funds
For over 30 years, money market funds have treated investors well.
Money market funds have been around for over 35 years and are a very popular place for
investors to park their money. How popular? As of Feb. 21, 2007, 2.3 trillion dollars worth
of popularity!

Money market funds are a type of mutual fund that invests in short-term (less than a year)
debt securities of agencies of the U.S. Government, banks and corporations and U.S.
Treasury Bills. They are fixed at $1 per share and only the yield fluctuates.
Banks prefer you never hear about the 1000-plus money market funds available to
investors. These funds offer advantages that savings accounts, checking accounts and
CD's can't beat, including:
----------------------------------
High Liquidity
Money market funds are very liquid, meaning you can take money out of them on short
notice. There is no penalty for taking money out of your money market fund, unlike
Certificates of Deposit (CD's) that impose large fees for withdrawing your money. You can
also write checks from your money market account (typically three a month).

Low Risk
Money market funds are not FDIC insured, but they are still very secure because they are
holding very safe investments like t-bills. Government debt securities are considered very
safe because the government has the ability to raise taxes to meet its obligations. It is
virtually impossible to lose your principle in money market funds. To top it off, most mutual
fund companies carry some sort of insurance to cover your assets.

Competitive Yields
Your checking and savings accounts will have a tough time beating the yield of a money
market fund. Money market funds return an average of 4 to 6 percent a year, which rivals
the return of CD's. The interest is calculated daily, but only paid out at the end of the month
unless you sell the fund, then it is paid at that time.

Money Market Funds Widely Used
As mentioned earlier, about 2.36 trillion dollars of investors' money was in money market
funds in 2007. If you sell a stock or a mutual fund, your broker or fund company will
typically move your proceeds into a money market account so you can collect interest.
Also, when you open an account with most brokerage firms or fund companies, your
money is typically put into a money market account until you are ready to purchase bonds
or equities.

Money market funds are clearly a smart place to hold your money. If you are between
investments, saving for a house, saving for a vehicle purchase, or just looking for a safe
place to put money, I urge you to put the money in a money market fund. There is no
reason to hold large amounts of money at the bank.
----------------------------------
What is a Certificate of Deposit
Answer: A certificate of deposit ("CD") is a short to medium-term, FDIC insured investment
available at banks and savings and loan institutions. Customers agree to lend money to
the institutions for a certain amount of time. In exchange for doing so, the customers is
paid a predetermined rate of interest. Often, banks will charge a penalty fee if the money is
withdrawn from the CD before it matures.


The purpose of this Estimator is to help you understand your share insurance protection.
Bond Basics: Different Types Of Bonds
Government Bonds
In general, fixed-income securities are classified according to the length of time before maturity. These are the three main categories:

Bills - debt securities maturing in less than one year.
Notes - debt securities maturing in one to 10 years.
Bonds - debt securities maturing in more than 10 years.

Marketable securities from the U.S. government - known collectively as Treasuries - follow this guideline and are issued as Treasury bonds, Treasury notes and Treasury bills (T-bills).
Technically speaking, T-bills aren't bonds because of their short maturity. (You can read more about T-bills in our Money Market tutorial.) All debt issued by Uncle Sam is regarded as
extremely safe, as is the debt of any stable country. The debt of many developing countries, however, does carry substantial risk. Like companies, countries can default on payments.


Municipal Bonds
Municipal bonds, known as "munis", are the next progression in terms of risk. Cities don't go bankrupt that often, but it can happen. The major advantage to munis is that the returns are free
from federal tax. Furthermore, local governments will sometimes make their debt non-taxable for residents, thus making some municipal bonds completely tax free. Because of these tax
savings, the yield on a muni is usually lower than that of a taxable bond. Depending on your personal situation, a muni can be a great investment on an after-tax basis.

Corporate Bonds
A company can issue bonds just as it can issue stock. Large corporations have a lot of flexibility as to how much debt they can issue: the limit is whatever the market will bear. Generally, a
short-term corporate bond is less than five years; intermediate is five to 12 years, and long term is over 12 years.

Corporate bonds are characterized by higher yields because there is a higher risk of a company defaulting than a government. The upside is that they can also be the most rewarding fixed-
income investments because of the risk the investor must take on. The company's credit quality is very important: the higher the quality, the lower the interest rate the investor receives.

Other variations on corporate bonds include convertible bonds, which the holder can convert into stock, and callable bonds, which allow the company to redeem an issue prior to maturity.

Treasury bonds (T-Bonds, or the long bond) have the longest maturity, from ten years to thirty years. They have coupon payment every six months like T-Notes, and are commonly
issued with maturity of thirty years. The secondary market is highly liquid, so the yield on the most recent T-Bond offering was commonly used as a proxy for long-term interest rates in
general. This role has largely been taken over by the 10-year note, as the size and frequency of long-term bond issues declined significantly in the 1990s and early 2000s.

The U.S. Federal government stopped issuing the well-known 30-year Treasury bonds (often called long-bonds) on October 31, 2001. As the U.S. government used its budget surpluses to
pay down the Federal debt in the late 1990s, the 10-year Treasury note began to replace the 30-year Treasury bond as the general, most-followed metric of the U.S. bond market. However,
due to demand from pension funds and large, long-term institutional investors, along with a need to diversify the Treasury's liabilities - and also because the flatter yield curve meant that the
opportunity cost of selling long-dated debt had dropped - the 30-year Treasury bond was re-introduced in February 2006 and is now issued quarterly. This will bring the U.S. in line with Japan
and European governments issuing longer-dated maturities amid growing global demand from pension funds. Some countries, including France and the United Kingdom, have begun
offering a 50-year bond, known as a Methuselah.


How Do I Buy Bonds?
Most bond transactions can be completed through a full service or discount brokerage. You can also open an account with a bond broker, but be warned that most bond brokers require a
minimum initial deposit of $5,000. If you cannot afford this amount, we suggest looking at a mutual fund that specializes in bonds (or a bond fund).

Some financial institutions will provide their clients with the service of transacting government securities. However, if your bank doesn't provide this service and you do not have a brokerage
account, you can purchase government bonds through a government agency (this is true in most countries). In the U.S. you can buy bonds directly from the government through
TreasuryDirect at http://www.treasurydirect.gov. The Bureau of the Public Debt started TreasuryDirect so that individuals could buy bonds directly from the Treasury, thereby bypassing a
broker. All transactions and interest payments are done electronically.

If you do decide to purchase a bond through your broker, he or she may tell you that the trade is commission free. Don't be fooled. What typically happens is that the broker will mark up the
price slightly; this markup is really the same as a commission. To make sure that you are not being taken advantage of, simply look up the latest quote for the bond and determine whether
the markup is acceptable.

Remember, you should research bonds just as you would stocks. We've gone over several factors you need to consider before loaning money to a government or company, so do your
homework

Treasury note
Treasury notes (or T-Notes) mature in two to ten years. They have a coupon payment every six months, and are commonly issued with maturities dates of 2, 5 or 10 years, for denominations
from $100 to $1,000,000.

T-Notes and T-Bonds are quoted on the secondary market at percentage of par in thirty-seconds of a point. Thus, for example, a quote of 95:07 on a note indicates that it is trading at
a discount: $952.19 (i.e. 95 7/32%) for a $1,000 bond. (Several different notations may be used for bond price quotes. The example of 95 and 7/32 points may be written as 95:07, or 95-07, or
95'07, or decimalized as 95.21875.) Other notation includes a +, which indicates 1/64 points and a third digit may be specified to represent 1/256 points. Examples include 95:07+ which
equates to (95 + 7/32 + 1/64) and 95:073 which equates to (95 + 7/32 + 3/256). Notation such as 95:073+ is unusual and not typically used.

The 10-year Treasury note has become the security most frequently quoted when discussing the performance of the U.S. government-bond market and is used to convey the market's take on
longer-term macroeconomic expectations.
Money crisis: FINANCIAL SYSTEM IN TROUBLE:  BAIL-OUT PACKAGE.   Americans react
Real people across the country answer the question: what are you doing with your money in the wake
of the financial crisis?
Where is the safe place to put MONEY?

NO PANIC, NO EMOTION, NO WRONG DECISION!
HERE ARE THE SAFEST PLACES WHERE YOU CAN PUT YOUR MONEY AND HAVE PEACE OF MIND!
INVESTMENT: MAKE YOURSELF RICHER BY INVESTING THE RIGHT WAY IN THE RIGHT PRODUCTS. REAL ESTATE INVESTMENTS CAN HELP

STOCK MARKET: STOCK MARKET A WAY TO INVEST AND MULTIPLY YOUR PROFITS.  THESE INDUSTRIES HAS THOUSANDS OF COMPANIES TO BUY STOCKS FROM.

MUTUAL FUNDS: MUTUAL FUNDS A WONDERFUL WAY TO INVEST YOUR MONEY.  Buying and Selling mutual funds
You can buy some mutual funds (no-load) by contacting the fund companies directly. Other funds are sold through brokers, banks, financial planners, or insurance agents.

BOND FUNDS: INVESTING IN THE BONDS MARKET. WHAT ARE BONDS?
Have you ever borrowed money? Of course you have! Whether we hit our parents up for a few bucks to buy candy as children or asked the bank for a mortgage, most of us have borrowed money at some point in our
lives.

FOREX MARKET: THE LARGEST MARKET IN THE WORLD TO INVEST AND GET RICHER IF YOU USE THE RIGHT TOOL.
FOREIGN EXCHANGE-(forex or FX for short) is one of the most exciting, fast-paced markets around. Until recently, trading in the forex market had been the domain of large financial institutions, corporations,
central banks, hedge funds and extremely wealthy individuals. The emergence of the internet has changed all of this, and now it is possible for average investors to buy and sell currencies easily with the click of a
mouse.

TAX CERTIFICATES: TAX CERTIFICATE / TAX DEED: A BETTER WAY TO INVEST MONEY AND GET RICHER.

TAX LIENS: How Can You Safely Earn 18% to 240% Per Year On Your Investments? Yes you can... By investing in Government Issued Tax Liens, Tax deed

REITs: REIT: Real Estate Investment Trust. A GREAT WAY TO INVEST IN REAL ESTATE WITHOUT TAKING A MORTGAGE LOAN

COMMERCIAL INVESTMENT. ALL THAT CAN HELP! COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE; A BETTER WAY TO INVEST AND GET RICHER!  MULTI-WAYS TO WIN BIG IN
REAL ESTATE.
WHAT IS COMMERCIAL REAL ESTATE?

FINANCIAL REPORT: HOW TO GET A MORTGAGE HOME LOAN? Securing a home loan is the most important step in the home-buying process. Here are the basics for getting your financing.


HOW TO GET PRE-QUALIFY FOR A HOME LOAN? 8 Fundamental Reasons to Get Pre-Approved for a Home Loan!
The first and most important step in buying a home is getting pre-qualified for a home loan.
BY GETTING PREQUALIFIED, YOU IMMEDIATELY FIND YOURSELF IN A STRONGER NEGOTIATION POSITION.
YOU MADE YOURSELF MORE ATTRACTIVE TO SELLERS.

IDENTITY THEFT: WATCH OUT, STOP IT FROM HAPPENING, GET THE TOOLS YOU NEED TO PREVENT IT RIGHT HERE! AT KNOWLEDGE FINANCIAL.COM


CREDIT HELP: Use Your Credit Clout: Credit Laws That are on Your Side; Understanding Your Debt Collection Rights

CREDIT INFO: SAVE YOUR CREDIT, RESCUE IT, PROTECT IT, INCREASE YOUR SCORE. WE HAVE VALUABLE INFORMATION TO HELP YOU

CREDIT CARDS: The American Credit Cards are very important to have; but credit cards represent a danger for those who may not have the discipline, order or  those who don't think what a plastic card can do for
them or to them! The borrowers are the slaves of the lenders. Credit cards issuers are monsters the can eat the average consumers alive.

CREDIT RATING: THE IMPORTANCE OF YOUR CREDIT RATING! Credit Card Fraud: 21 Tips to Protect Yourself. More about your credit Score. Companies base your credit scores on five categories

ID-THEFT: HOW TO PROTECT AND DEFEND YOURSELF AGAINST IDENTITY THEFT?    -----DETER, DETECT AND DEFEND?

TAX SAVING TIPS FOR INDIVIDUAL INVESTOR, GREAT INFORMATION FOR ALL. Taxes The More You Know, the Less You’ll Pay
Business structures 101
LLP, LLC, S-corp and C-corp: It's not just alphabet soup! A breakdown of what you need to know, in layman's terms.
what are you doing with your money in the wake of the financial crisis?
Where is the safe place to put MONEY?
YOUR MONEY, YOUR SAVING

With banks falling like dominos, there's a lot of worry about the
solvency of financial institutions. Some people are pulling their cash
out of the stock market and putting it into FDIC-insured accounts, while
others are hiding theirs under their mattress. Before you make any
drastic moves, read these answers to some common questions about
your savings.



Are there any safe havens left?
It sure doesn't feel like it. Even conservative investments - like
ultrashort- term bond funds and a single money market fund - have
lost value recently. But rest assured, your cash accounts are still
extremely safe. To shore up confidence in money-market mutual
funds after a prominent portfolio "broke the buck," the Treasury
Department launched an insurance plan to guarantee their value.

What's more, bank money-market accounts and CDs are as protected
as ever. While it's certainly hard to tell which banks will eventually
survive this financial meltdown, your accounts are FDIC-insured.

Finally, if you're looking for a safe option within your 401(k), consider a
stable value fund. These portfolios often invest in a diversified mix of
short- to intermediate- term bonds that are backed by different
insurers. Plus, they've been yielding around 4% lately.

Is my bank or brokerage going to disappear?
Even with the government stepping in to buy up the crummy
mortgage-backed securities that are endangering the health of so
many banks and brokers, this relief won't be immediate. It may take
weeks for the Treasury Department to put together a team to evaluate
these bonds. In the meantime, more banks and brokers could go under
or be forced to sell out to healthier firms.
The Ultimate Retirement Guide for Everyone; Retire Rich, Retire Early.

THE BEST RETIREMENT GUIDE EVER; WHAT ARE 401K,  ROTH 401K, INDIVIDUAL 401K, 403B, 457 PLAN, THRIFT SAVINGS
PLAN.

What is a SEP IRA? What is a SIMPLE IRA? --- SEE BELOW!
Long-term care insurance?
Is a long-term care insurance policy really provides money to help cover the costs of living  if you are no longer able to take
care of yourself.?

SOCIAL SECURITY RETIREMENT GUIDE. HOW DOES SOCIAL SECURITY WORK?

What is the importance and benefits of life insurance in real life, and at retirement age?

Pension Plans / IRA / INDIVIDUAL RETIREMENT ACCOUNT. What is an IRA? And what does it matter?

What is Annuity Insurance Investment, Annuity & Pension Insurance? Are Annuities Planning today for a secure tomorrow?
KNOWLEDGEFINANCIAL.COM